Ethereum (ETH) researchers, including Thomas Coratger and Justin Drake, have proposed the first phase of Ethereum's transition to 'Quantum Resistance' to prepare for the threat of quantum computers.

According to The Defiant, the core task presented by the researchers is the introduction of a 'PQ (Post-Quantum) Key Registry.' Currently used traditional BLS-based keys are at risk of systemic collapse if a quantum computer decrypts the cryptography. The essence of the solution is to simultaneously register new quantum-resistant keys to prepare for this.

Simply put, this is similar to validators pre-issuing a new 'ID card' in preparation for the quantum computing era, keeping it on hold without using it immediately.

After going through the second phase, where the majority of validators complete the quantum-resistant key registration, the Ethereum network will transition its actual signature verification system to be based on the newly registered keys.